thương hàn

Bệnh nhân thương hàn nằm sốt cao trên giường bệnh.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • Typhoid fever: An infectious bacterial disease, caused by Salmonella typhi, characterized by sustained high fever, profound weakness, abdominal pain, and sometimes intestinal perforation. It is transmitted through contaminated food or water.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Bệnh thương hàn từng là nỗi ám ảnh ở nhiều vùng. (Typhoid fever was once a scourge in many regions.)
  • Anh ấy phải nhập viện vì bị thương hàn. (He had to be hospitalized for typhoid fever.)
  • Tiêm vắc-xin là cách phòng ngừa bệnh thương hàn hiệu quả. (Vaccination is an effective way to prevent typhoid fever.)

Advanced Usage

• The term is used almost exclusively in a medical context. In historical or literary contexts, it may be referenced to describe settings of poverty or poor sanitation.

Variants and Related Words

• Bệnh thương hàn: The full, more formal term for the disease, identical in meaning.
• Sốt thương hàn: Another term emphasizing the fever symptom of typhoid.

Synonyms

• Typhoid: The common English shorthand for typhoid fever.
• Enteric fever: A more clinical synonym that encompasses both typhoid and paratyphoid fevers.

Related Terms (Medical Context)

• Phó thương hàn (Paratyphoid): A similar but often less severe illness caused by other species.
• Kiết lỵ (Dysentery): A different infectious disease also causing severe diarrhea, sometimes confused with typhoid.